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Earth’s Abandonment for Venus

Last and First Men

This flow follows the Fifth Men’s discovery of the lunar danger, their transformation of Venus, and the devastating cost of settlement.

increasingupBearing stren­gth in each eventdowndecreasing
The Moon’s ReversalThe Moon’s Reversal from "Last and First Men". An Unexplained Orbit A broken prediction The Moon begins approaching Earth instead of continuing its expected retreat.
An Unexplained Orbit A broken prediction The Moon begins approaching Earth instead of continuing its expected retreat. For a civilization confident in its scientific system, the anomaly produces profound intellectual uncertainty. A planetary deadline Calculations suggest that lunar breakup will eventually make Earth uninhabitable. Humanity must decide whether to abandon its home or risk extinction there.
Choosing VenusChoosing Venus from "Last and First Men". The Unwelcome Refuge A narrow choice Mars lacks water and atmosphere, while Venus has a dense atmosphere and oceans but is too hot and oxygen-poor for human…
The Unwelcome Refuge A narrow choice Mars lacks water and atmosphere, while Venus has a dense atmosphere and oceans but is too hot and oxygen-poor for human life. The Fifth Men conclude that Venus is the only plausible destination. A reluctant decision The prospect of leaving Earth causes grief and resistance. Nevertheless, the species redirects research toward interplanetary travel and the preparation of another world.
Changing the AtmosphereChanging the Atmosphere from "Last and First Men". A Planetary Engineering Project Electrolysis and plants The Fifth Men split water to release oxygen and remove hydrogen, while designing vegetation suited to…
A Planetary Engineering Project Electrolysis and plants The Fifth Men split water to release oxygen and remove hydrogen, while designing vegetation suited to Venus. Automatic stations begin altering the atmosphere and preparing the islands for settlement. A limited refuge Venus’s small land area and violent climate constrain the project. The settlers also plan to reduce the human population to fit the world’s limited capacity.
Native ResistanceNative Resistance from "Last and First Men". An Inhabited Destination Discovery below the sea The survey reveals intelligent Venerians living in a civilization powered by radioactive matter.
An Inhabited Destination Discovery below the sea The survey reveals intelligent Venerians living in a civilization powered by radioactive matter. Their attacks on equipment show that they understand the human project as a threat. Moral impasse The Fifth Men recognize that the ocean is already a home to other minds. Their need to escape Earth, combined with the failure of negotiations, makes coexistence increasingly unlikely.
The DepartureThe Departure from "Last and First Men". Leaving the Homeworld Evacuation completed After years of preparation, humanity transfers its surviving population and cultural treasures to Venus.
Leaving the Homeworld Evacuation completed After years of preparation, humanity transfers its surviving population and cultural treasures to Venus. The relocation takes centuries and remains a reluctant response to approaching catastrophe. A costly inheritance The migration preserves humanity but leaves behind Earth and the ethical consequences of transforming Venus. The new home offers survival, not a return to the conditions of the old world.
Late in the Fifth Men’s civilization
After the lunar approach is confirmed
During the Venus preparations
After the Venusian ocean survey
As the Moon nears its critical zone